Treaty of wanghia united states
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The Opening to China Part I: the First Opium War, the United States, and the Treaty of Wangxia, 1839–1844
The Treaty of Wangxia (Wang-hsia) was the first formal treaty signed between the United States and China in 1844. It served as an American counterpart to the Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanjing that ended the First Opium War in 1842.
The Signing of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842
The Opium War and these treaties were emblematic of an era in which Western powers tried to gain unfettered access to Chinese products and markets for European and U.S. trade.
Western traders, including those from the United States, had long sought a variety of Chinese products (including furniture, silk and tea), but found there were few products that China wanted from the West. American trade with China began as early as 1784, relying on North American exports such as furs, sandalwood, and ginseng, but American interest in Chinese products soon outstripped the Chinese appetite for these American exports. The British had already discovered a great market in southern China for smuggled opium, and American traders soon also turned to opium to supplement their exports to China. Beyond the health problems related to opium addiction, the increasing opium trade with the Western powers meant that for th
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893.114 Narcotics/1267
The Minister in China (Johnson) to the Secretary of State
Peiping, July 24, 1935.
[Received August 24.]
Sir: I have the honor to enclose a copy of a note received from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs under date of June 29, 1935,84 transmitting a resolution passed by the Council of the League of Nations87 regarding the control of traffic in and manufacture of narcotic drugs by foreigners in China. The Ministry requests the cooperation of the American authorities in implementing the provisions of the resolution.
The Legation observes that Article XXXIII of the 1844 Treaty of Wanghia88 provides that American citizens trading in opium or [Page 740] other contraband “shall be subject to be dealt with by the Chinese Government, without being entitled to any countenance or protection from that of the United States,” and that the United States should take measures to prevent the abuse of its flag by nationals of other countries to screen violations of the laws of the Chinese Empire. Article XIV of the 1858 Treaty of Tientsin90 incorporated the same provision, and provided further that any vessel flying the American flag that might carry on a clandestine and fraudulent trade “at other ports of China not declared to be legal ([here follow Chinese cha
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The First U.S.-China Trade Deal
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